MIDI SWITCH

It's been two months since I posted anything. After the holidays, I strongly put myself in the development of two projects. One of them consists of a 16-ports MIDI rack designed to facilitate the management of the MIDI network within a small music studio.

Although I'm still at the prototype stage, the hardware design is finalized and stable. I am now in the development of the software system. I am progressing step by step in order to create a system offering the essential functions. Subsequently, I will expand the operation by various functions that can be implemented depending on the computing resource that will remain available to me.

This is what the rack looks like:

The challenge is a little bit complicated. A reliable and practical device must be produced at an acceptable cost. And with the current problems of component shortages and rising prices, it really isn't easy!

GoWin FPGA & the Wichit Sirichote's µPF--1 clone : subject closed

This time, it's said. I close the topic 'µPF--1 clone'

Why? Because it works.

A few years ago, when I set out to attempt to replicate Wichit Sirichote's work in FPGAs, I developed a minimal system based on the sources of Wichit Sirichote. It had already taken me quite a bit of time to translate all the hardware onto a commercial FPGA board, then develop a personal board to accommodate an FPGA module. I found that it would have taken me too long to re-write a complete system based on poor quality of the source provided. 

And then, I wanted to test the GoWin FPGAs. When I say testing, I mean creating an FPGA board and then programming a complete system. That is to say also test the GoWin development tools.

Free advertising ;-)

After seeing that the small computer created 'seems' to work fine. I decided to attack what is the center of interest of such a small computer, namely the operation in step by step.

Until then, I had contented myself with re-writing the source of Wichit Sirichote to allow the manipulation of addresses and data as well as the loading of programs by serial link. So I missed the step by step. In terms of real learning of processor operation, step by step is extremely interesting!

It's quite interesting to be able to modify a program value almost on the fly, then to check the result by immediately restarting the program. That's the whole point of such a computer. 

It's a personal opinion, but I find it much more relevant than working on Arduino modules as a discovery of computing.

The system set up for step by step operation is based on an interrupt triggered after a certain number of pulses of the signal M1. Interesting and very functional system. On this point, Wichit Sirichote's source served me well.

So there you go, I have everything set up except the 'REL' key. I couldn't figure out its usefulness, even studying the provided source well. Regardless, it is now possible to write an entire program by directly entering the processor codes, or more simply by loading the program via the serial link and modifying the code directly on the keyboard, starting then stopping the program to check the content of processor registers etc etc...

Small example of a program loaded via the serial link:

The system is therefore validated. The GoWin FPGA used works perfectly. It is a success. I forgot, the serial link works perfectly, here at 115200 Bauds, and not faulty at 1200 Bauds as on Wichit Sirichote's system ;-)

In terms of FPGA resource usage, this is what it looks like:

Barely more than half of the resources in logic gates. I haven't implemented expansion port management, but it only takes a few dozen logical units. Not bad at all!

What's next?

I will now try to set up an HDMI output based on these Gowin FPGAs. Because I would like to develop a real computer with screen and keyboard on which it would be possible to choose the type of processor wanted.

This kind of machine has already been built, notably by Jeri Ellsworth in 2002. It's been just 20 years. It did not meet with much success while the retro-computing craze started to really emerge from the 2010s.

This machine may have come out too soon...

Stefany Allaire is currently recreating a whole range of computers on the same principle. You can visit his website c256foenix.com particularly with regard to its new C256 FOENIX JUNIOR, based on a 6.29MHz WDC W65C02S processor :

Free advertising ;-)

I am really impressed with the quality of his work...

[ 07-16-2022) Small update : And now the test with the IOM MPF-1P expansion board.

In fact, I knew that testing the connection of my processor board on the IOM board was going to pose a potential problem. simply because a number of signals used to manage the expansion port are also used for the JTAG programming interface. 

In fact it is not that complicated. All that is needed is to dynamically control the FPGA programming management system. Once done, the operation of the external bus is instantaneous. The connection of the IOM is therefore completely normal. I completed my little test program to turn on the diodes on the IOM board. It works without any problem!

GREAT :-)

The 'funniest' part of the story is that while I added some logical ressources to manage the expansion port, the GoWin software summary report tells me a 50% logical resources usage . It was 52% previously:

I could put two systems like this in the used FPGA considering only the logic resources. However, I wouldn't have enough internal memory for that...

[ 07-18-2022) Small update : For fun, I also connected the small printer, here the PRT-1P model to my processor board :

It seems to work. Why do I say 'seems'? Because I don't own thermal paper. So I can not check if the message is printed correctly. All I can say is that the printer responds correctly to requests made through routines present in the ROM integrated onto the printer board.

I have no idea where to get thermal paper for this machine. Occasionally, I'll try to find some...

Any other subject : Small automotive remarks.

As an indication, I have never worked in mechanics. So I have no practice on the subject.

Times being what they are, in France, we are now confronted with exorbitant vehicle maintenance costs and a lack of professional skills in conventional mechanics.

And yes, you have to go electric. Hmm, for a whole bunch of reasons, I don't think going electric is the solution to the planet's problems, any more than to energy independence.

I even think that the switch to electric is a big mistake. I am much more in favor of a reasoned use of energy, and of adapting to a low-consumption lifestyle.

I own a Renault vehicle, but I should say Matra, since 1998. It now has 250,000 km. It's a 3L V6 engine. I don't use it much, as little as possible in town. I really appreciate this vehicle for its comfort and the simplicity of its operation.

I'm not going to tell the story of the Matra car brand here. To sum up, this is a company which has produced vehicles that are always quite special, which has greatly distinguished itself on the racing circuits, and which definitively closed the doors of its Romorantin-Lanthenay site on February 26, 2003.

Entrance to the site today :

Part of the interior of the production site:

This site is now a large green space, surrounded by new housing construction, as well as a large rest center for old people. Sad end... for such a great company

Well, actually, my car is almost a collector's car. 

As it works very well, I want to keep it in working order. So, for that, I realized my first mistake!

Indeed, we must regularly pass our vehicles to the technical control. Last time it said there were engine leaks. This does not surprise me since there is no one left to carry out the maintenance work. So, as I don't use it much, I haven't done any maintenance for a long time.

In order to go back to the technical control, after having changed a part on the front axle anyway, I decided to clean the engine with a water jet.

In principle this is not a problem. Before performing this operation I had researched information on this subject without finding anything embarrassing. So I cleaned the engine. Everything worked very well. A few minutes later, the engine still started to misfire.

Of course, I suspected what had happened. 

And this is where the real problems begin. I had to remove the coil ramp to access the spark plug wells but I didn't have the tools, of course... I had to wait a while to finally find a TORX T30 wrench.

I expected to find carnage when I removed those coils. I was not disappointed:

Inevitably, in this state, it was not likely to work properly. I even wonder how the engine managed to start in these conditions. Anyway, pistons were 'missing' and you could hear it. There was only one thing left for me to do. Clean all this dirt as best as possible and also remove as much visible rust as possible on the central well:

It's already better! 

After reassembly, the engine works normally again.

However, I still have to change the spark plugs because with the rust, they might weld on the cylinder head. I also need to change the coil ramp. It has plastic parts that are beginning to deteriorate. And anyway, the contact springs have rusted as well. I even think it was one of them that caused this beautiful rust in one of the spark plug wells.

Concussion: do not pass an engine to pressurized water when it has spark plug wells. The coil ramp is not waterproof and lets water through to the spark plugs!

I just have to get the new parts, as well as a spark plug wrench, diameter 16mm!

GoWin FPGA & the Wichit Sirichote's µPF--1 clone.

I've been testing the Wichit Sirichote's µPF--1 compatible development board for a few years now.

Here are all the studies carried out around this system:

• 2017 - Achievement of the kit with the basic system available in 2017.
• 2018 - Attempted modification with the system update: large number of malfunctions including the serial link.
• 2019 - Study of the system on a commercial FPGA board. Modification of the code for a functional serial link.
• 2020 - Realization of a personal board based on Intel FPGA and installation of the system with the operation of the serial link corrected.
• 2022 - Porting VHDL code to GoWin FPGA. The goal is to test the operation of these new FPGAs.

Until now, I had only taken care of the rewriting of the code of Wichit Sirichote concerning the operation of the serial link. I had not particularly tested the other functions of the monitor other than those relating to the ADDR and DATA keys, allowing the contents of a memory address to be viewed, and to be modified if necessary.

On the occasion of the transition to the GoWin FPGA, I decided to test all the keys allowing autonomous operation of the system. And there, big surprise. The code is buggy everywhere!!!

Until now I thought the problems were mostly around the serial port. actually no. I almost have to re-write the whole system.

In fact: Wichit Sirichote provides the Hexa file of the first version of the system. The source is only provided for the latest version, the one where the serial port does not work.

After having worked hard on this source code, I think that this source is in fact a very first development version and does not correspond to the first version provided, nor to the very last one.

If the source provided allows you to get a good idea of ​​how the system works, it is so badly written and so dysfunctional that everything has to be rewritten.

Even getting to this error message (generated on purpose for the photo), it wasn't easy. I chose an end address lower than the start address for the memory block copy function. What generates this error!

In a nutshell: Wichit Sirichote's idea was very good. But do not try to draw inspiration from the sources provided to make your own monitor. It's a guaranteed waste of time. It is better to develop your own monitor from scratch!

Apart from the REL key, the function of which I am unable to determine what it does, even from the source, all the functions except the DUMP and the LOAD are functional. In particular the step-by-step function which involves the use of the NMI interrupt of the processor.

It only remains for me to implement the serial link for the LOAD/DUMP function in the FPGA and to copy all the modifications that I have already made to the source concerning the management of this serial port.

I wanted to see if I could make the same type of system with the GoWin FPGAs as with those from Intel that I usually use. I must say the result is absolutely perfect.

I had to write a small utility to provide the RAM initialization file in GoWin format. Nothing too complicated to do. Thereafter, the development procedure is carried out in the same way as with the Quartus development chain.

I will quietly finalize the development of this system and will test everything concerning the HDMI outputs because GoWin seemed to provide this type of output on its FPGAs. In fact, now that I'm in a position to develop a relatively complex but basic system, I would really try to build a more standard small computer, i.e. with a normal keyboard and video output...

I had to develop a Drumulator clone, but given the power of these FPGAs, I'm going directly to develop an SP12 or SP1200 clone. As I tested all the sub-elements of the Drumulator, it shouldn't be too complicated to get started with the SP12/SP1200 since it's exactly the same operating principle, but in 12 bits...

GoWin FPGA & µPF--1

To finalize my uPF--1 compatible board, I decided to implement the Wichit Sirichote's project : 

I have already done this work a few years ago, but based on an Intel FPGA. Since then, I have improved in the VHDL language. 

So I take advantage of this to code the whole machine again in this GoWin FPGA, also taking advantage of the improvements made by the new versions of certain components and the SDCC compiler, as well as the modifications that I have made myself.

This little development machine is very interesting. It allows you to become familiar with the operating principles of microprocessors. 

Modern processors like ARM for example, still work the same way. Understanding how a Z80 works is a very good learning exercise. Much better I think than Arduinos, which, if they have a whole bunch of 'fun' advantages, mask a large part of the real functioning of the processors.

And now with the startup messages:

At the time, I called my work uPF--2. I will continue to name this little machine that way.

This is not a priority project. I will advance it as I can, over time...

Chinese components and GoWin FPGAs. Is it worth?

It's been a few years since I mentioned the rise of China in the supply of original components. GoWin is one of those companies that for several years has developed a series of FPGAs.

So I thought it was time to try this type of components. For this I managed to get the programming tool GWU2X :

The development software tool is available directly on the GoWin site. I also had to find a development board equipped with an original GoWin FPGA. I couldn't really find what suited me on the market, so I decided to develop my own board, in Qmtech format, since I had developed a few projects with this board format: 

Very recently, I managed to implement the 'Hello World' (the blinking led) on this board. The next step was very ambitious, namely trying to implement a complete Z80 system within this FPGA. 

So, I chose to try installing the Microprofessor version 1B system on the electronic board dedicated to this small vintage computer:

The uPF--1 original board

It took me a few hours to familiarize myself with the GoWin development environment, as well as to make the necessary small modifications to my VHDL code to make this FPGA compatible with the uPF--1 system. 

So, after a few hours of work, the result is there:

I did not attempt to implement all the hardware resources of the uPF--1, that was not the goal. I just wanted to see if I could get the same services with this FPGA as with the ones I usually use like Altera (Intel now) circuits. The goal is reached. I now think I can continue to develop using these GoWin circuits.

Conclusion: I appreciate these circuits which seem to me easier to use than the Xilinx or Altera circuits. The entire development chain is easy to understand. The necessary resources are available on the web. There are few ways of doing of the software development that could be improved a bit. But this is more of a personal matter...

In short: practical component to use. Easy to use development chain: cool!

GOWIN FPGA

I'm always looking for easy to use components. As far as FPGAs are concerned, their implementation is not always easy nor always cheap (multi-voltage, external EEPROM, etc.)

As a result, I had noticed that the series of FPGAs from the GoWin brand, seemed relatively simpler to implement than the major standards such as Altera or Xilinx.

So I decided to make a prototype board. I chose the module format offered by QMTECH because I have some developments that use them. This way, I can eventually place the GoWin module instead of the QMTECH modules.

The result looks like this:

To be able to program these FPGAs, it is absolutely necessary to obtain the programming dongle. I chose the 'GoWin USB cable' (GWU2X). It's inexpensive and easy to install. The procedure of installation is described in the dongle documentation.

Once these elements have been purchased and made, all that remains is to connect them. The detection of the FPGA is done without problem. 

I had obviously made a mistake by setting up a resistance of bad value, subsequently replaced by one of good value (red circles).

If I publish this little post, it is obviously because the functional test has passed. The 'Hello World' works without problems. The user LED is flashing correctly.

I just got an example from GoWin and modified the output pins according to the characteristics of my module. 

Most of the work is done, ie the discovery and implementation of the entire development and programming chain. It now remains to really take control of this FPGA. This is a 4 000 gates model. I'll see if I can implement a minimum Z80 system there...

For this, I will use my µPF2 compatible board in which was currently inserted a QMETCH module equipped with Altera FPGA:

My GoWin FPGA-based module fits perfectly in place of the Qmtech module:

For the moment I absolutely do not know if I will be able to place a minimum system in this GoWin FPGA. I know that the number of gates used in the original design is less than 4000 gates so it should be fine but on the one hand I have no experience on the GoWin development tool, and I don't know if I can transpose the number of gates used on this new FPGA. I hope that my experiments will allow me to answer these questions...