RETRO COMPUTING : TMS1122NL

There are a lot of digital clocks.
Those made in China which are inexpensive and incapable of any precision.
There are those, a little more serious and more expensive, which are precise but have 2 buttons for 20 functions.
There are also those which are beautiful, with nixie tubes for example, but which are really too expensive.
And then, none is capable of controlling the start or stop of any device.

In 1981, I came across an article in the French review 'Electronique Pratique' about the making of a clock with very interesting characteristics.

Magazine cover.

The circuit used was a 4-bit microcontroller of the TMS1000 family, which appeared in 1974. The TMS1121 / 1122 was a version containing a programmable clock application directly programmed into the internal 1024-byte ROM. 

The result was an extremely practical and easy to use device. I have never found such pleasure in using a simple clock. Unfortunately, I did not keep the copy I made in 1982, thinking that this machine was obsolete and easily replaced by a more ergonomic device: big mistake!

So after a number of years I decided to recreate a equivalent circuit to the TMS1122. Although the original clock was absolutely 'great' for the time, it suffered from two issues. The accuracy of the time was linked to the accuracy of the 50 / 60HZ network. In addition, it did not display the seconds and did not manage them in programming, which could be handicaping for certain uses.

The diagram for using the TMS1122 is very simple :

In my new version, there will be just a few additional displays and the time will be taken directly from a specific and very precise component. The operation will be the same except that the seconds will also be managed. In addition, in order to eventually be able to control this clock remotely, the circuit will be equipped with a serial port which will accept exactly the same commands as those typed on the keyboard.

Note that in the past, some people have developed real replacements for TMS1121 here based on a PIC ic :

http://xyama.sakura.ne.jp/hp/TMS1121_Simulator.html

New DRUMULATOR at the workshop & FNIRSI 1014D

A few days ago, I posted here a search request of a living or dead Drumulator.

I just received a machine that no longer works. It seems normal to me given all the tinkering she has undergone. After some investigations and component changes, I was able to see that the processor is working properly.

In red, the IC sockets that I changed, in yellow, the changed components, the CTC and a decoding circuit for the display (for the moment I have not changed the decoding circuit because I have to find a 74LS145 that I don't own).

At the moment I do not know if other circuits are defective. I don't know if everything related to the sound generation works but it is not very important. I just want to use this Drumulator board to test my digital FPGA implementation of this sound generator. I just need the D / A conversion and audio output part.

I have said it before, and although not sponsored by FNIRSI, it is a real pleasure to work with the 1014D oscilloscope. The screen is super nice, for frequencies of a few MHz it is fast enough and above all, it does not make any noise and is super light to move on the workbench. It is really very practical for this kind of little troubleshooting.

MSX, CANIVORE & various thoughts on the MSX standard and amateur work

Several months ago, I started building an MSX compatible computer board. This is Sergey Kiselev's OMEGA project : 

I have no complaints about this project. Apart from the difficulty of supplying certain components and possible assembly errors, the computer works as soon as it is switched on.

I have already had the opportunity to discuss the cost of producing such a project. This is why I did not realized the keyboard proposed in this project, but rather a USB adapter allowing the use of a standard keyboard at low cost.

In order to put this computer into real operation, I therefore obtained a CARNIVORE 2 cartridge which provides, among other things, access to a storage medium in the form of a FLASH card:

And now is the time for things to get complicated!

At first, I tried to run the cartridge with a flash card that I had. Despite my best efforts, and although the cartridge menus were displayed, the flash card was never taken into account. So I ended up looking for a possible compatibility problem with my flash card. The flash card that I have and that works on my PC :

You can find a list of compatible flash cards here: https://sysadminmosaic.ru/en/msx/carnivore2/qvl_list. I was indeed able to find this type of card in the list:

So I began to suspect the operation of the CARNIVORE cartridge. The first approach is to redo the welds. In order not to damage anything, I therefore used a hot air iron. I am used to work with this type of material so no problem. The result was the inability to start the cartridge itself.

So this time I visually inspected the cartridge and this is what I discovered:

From what I have been able to observe, it seems obvious to me that under these conditions the access to the memories of the cartridge, and therefore to the program in ROM seems highly compromised. 

This is the original placement of the component. I absolutely did not touch the legs of the FPGA. The fact that the cartridge started when I got it seems have been a miracle. In the current situation, it is not possible to properly realign the pins of the FPGA. The only solution would be to remove this component and replace it with an FPGA with the pins correctly aligned. This problem only exists on one of the four sides of the component.

Well, the Cyclone II series FPGAs are no longer manufactured. And moreover it seems very difficult today to obtain such circuits!

Which brings me, after having worked for several months on this MSX board, to the following thoughts:

• Personal creations always come up against the problem of the case. Which one for OMEGA?
• Two cartridge ports, at the time it was probably perfect, but today?
• Operating mode selection by pressing specific keys at start-up: boring and outdated!
• C-bios is not a system. It just offers the minimum API to run some cartridges.
• Difficulty finding a version of the system corresponding to the needs.
• Slowness of this type of machine. More efficient solutions are possible ...
• Video resolution is really minimal ...
• Lack of structured, up-to-date and relevant documentation...
• Use of bad technical solutions for some realization. In the case of CARNIVORE, fpga, resistance adaptations to voltage differences etc...
• Etc...

While this type of machine could, if updated, provide real pleasures of use and programming, it is clear that entering the MSX world from scratch is not a trivial task. And yet, this type of machine can provide real development potential but still requires a flattening of the concept I think.

Don't make me say what I didn't say: making an OMEGA board and even starting it is a real pleasure. So far I haven't managed to start any application, and that's really annoying. 

But hey, that makes it possible to think of modifications allowing to improve the situation ...

WANTED : DRUMULATOR

 

** DEAD OR ALIVE **

Keyboard for OMEGA MSX Computer : it works!

It took me much less time than expected to be able to interact with the OMEGA board:

Before testing my USB to keyboard adapter board, I had tested the reception of codes from the USB keyboard. So I knew it was working. But I still didn't know how MSX BIOS scans the matrix keyboard.

After a few attempts and oscilloscope tests, I was able to send 'things' to OMEGA. But obviously not the right codes. After having researched the official codes of the MSX keyboards, I realized that the BIOS installed on OMEGA manages the Japanese keyboard! Why not!...

My first goal being to be able to type a little Basic program and run it, I decided to code the essential characters. First, the alphabet:

I am totally amazed at how easy it was to turn on my USB / OMEGA keyboard interface. I didn't have any issues with the design of the board, everything worked right from the start. Coding the software of the small STM32G0 processor was really very easy with the STmicro IDE.

For now, the coding is more of the quick and dirty type but it works very well!

On the way to my first "Hello World" program ;-)

MSX OMEGA & CARNIVORE 2

The MSX OMEGA main board:

So far all I have managed to do with the OMEGA MSX board is boot to the free C-BIOS bios: 

The problem is that C-BIOS is a really minimalist bios that only allows you to start an application on a cartridge. 

Now, I find myself with two problems.

The first is that I now need to test my USB keyboard adapter on the OMEGA motherboard. However, I do not have any game cartridges. Under these conditions the system does not allow me to do anything.

As Sergey Kiselev specifies, Omega is compatible with the Sanyo PHC-23J machine. So I recreated a bios starting from the basic ROM and the extended ROM of this system. Obviously, I have no commercial rights to this ROM, but the use is strictly private and as a development resource in my case.

And voilà: 

I am now under Microsoft Basic. I will therefore be able to continue the development of my USB interface and particularly the management of signals with the OMEGA PPI.

I remember in 1988, I joined a company that still had a small microcomputer running Microsoft Basic. It was used to program the very fashionable LED display strips at the time. I had just turned on this machine and had fallen the same way directly on the Basic's screen. I don't remember if this machine was an MSX type or not. I don't remember the manufacturer either. Regardless, 33 years later, I'm here again :-)

And the question is: does the Carnivore 2 card work under this environment?

Is that enough for you as an answer?

Carnivore 2 works exactly as described in the documentation. For the moment I have not prepared a FLASH card so the list of files is empty. 

There is still a bit of work to be done before I can use my Carnivore 2 card for mass storage. Indeed, the Flash card must be prepared through the Carnivore application. Besides the fact that I will only be able to do this when my keyboard interface is working, it seems that some files must also be installed on the Flash card (auto-start mode). I don't know if this is absolutely necessary but whatever. This procedure can only be done through a floppy disk drive. I now need to acquire a floppy interface to complete my system.

It's really nice to see this system come to life step by step.

Keyboard for OMEGA MSX Computer : no 'magic' smoke :-)

Until now, I have carried out my developments on this USB keyboard interface by powering the board using a laboratory power supply. As I have pretty much finished the software embedded in the STM32 processor, it's time to see what it looks like on the OMEGA board.

This is what the final assembly looks like:

The interface LED responds well to pressing keys on the USB keyboard. It remains to be seen if this works well with the OMEGA board.

As a USB keyboard does not really take the specific keys of the MSX keyboard, I planned the use of specific keys of the USB keyboard like ALT, CTRL etc ...